What Role Does Lithium Play In A Plant Or Animal Health
Lithium facts
Lithium and its compounds enable clean energy and transportation through rechargeable batteries for electrical vehicles and electronic products and every bit key ingredients in depression-melting indicate spectacles and lubricants. Lithium compounds are produced in a variety of forms including lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium oxide (LitwoO), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
Key facts
- Manufacturing of rechargeable batteries for electronics, electric vehicles, and grid storage is the largest global utilize for lithium, representing 71% of total demand.
- The Government of Canada has identified lithium as a critical mineral because it is a central material in the renewable energy transition, and Canada has the potential to be a supplier.
- Canada does not currently produce lithium simply has big hard rock spodumene deposits and brine-based lithium resources.
- Australia is the world's largest lithium producer, accounting for most one-half of global production in 2020. Bolivia, Chile and Argentina (the "lithium triangle") have the largest estimated resources, with about 50 meg tonnes of lithium between the three countries.
Learn more about lithium
Uses
Lithium is a highly reactive metallic that is used to make energy-dumbo rechargeable batteries for electronics, such every bit laptops, prison cell phones, electric vehicles and grid storage. Demand for lithium ion batteries has grown significantly in recent years, driving global exploration and enabling new lithium projects to be considered. Batteries accounted for 71% of total demand in 2020.
Also used in glass products, lithium increases the durability, corrosion resistance, and thermal resistance for utilize at extreme temperatures. It is used in such items as glass-ceramic stovetops, glass containers, specialty glass, and fiberglass. Considering of its natural properties, lithium contributes to improved process productivity and free energy savings in glassmaking.
Lithium is a critical mineral for the energy transition, and internet-zero emissions will require college reliance on both new and recycled sources of lithium for batteries.
Lithium, global uses, 2020
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This round chart shows the major global uses of lithium as of 2020. The largest use was for batteries (71%); followed by ceramics and glass (14%); lubricating greases (4%); continuous casting fluxes (2%); and others (nine%).
Production
Canada had limited production of lithium from 2014 to 2019 and none in 2020. Several companies are currently working to develop lithium projects from traditional hard rock mining to unconventional sources such equally oilfield brines and industrial wastewaters, in Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. These projects range from early on exploration to an advanced stage.
The North American Lithium mine in Québec, formerly the Québec Lithium mine, reached commercial product in early 2018 and shipped spodumene concentrate to refineries in Communist china for processing into lithium carbonate. Prices of lithium products and spodumene concentrate fell sharply subsequently that year when global spodumene capacity nearly doubled, primarily in Australia. N American Lithium suspended product in 2019, sought defalcation protection, and was acquired by Sayona Québec in 2021, a joint venture between Sayona Mining (Australia) and Piedmont Lithium (U.S.). The new owners plan to restart the North American Lithium mine, develop other mining projects in Quebec, and build a lithium hydroxide refinery.
After several years of exploration and construction, Nemaska Lithium produced its first spodumene concentrate at the Whabouchi Mine in Quebec in early 2017. The visitor suspended product in 2019, and the mine was put on care and maintenance. Later seeking bankruptcy protection, Nemaska was acquired by the Pallinghurst Grouping in partnership with the Government of Quebec and emerged from creditor protection in 2020. The company plans to restart the mine and build a lithium hydroxide refinery in Bécancour, Quebec.
Canada has an estimated 2.9 million tonnes of lithium resources (measured and indicated, inclusive of reserves). Lithium brines in Alberta and Saskatchewan could increase these resources equally applied science and processing are avant-garde to extract lithium compounds economically from oil and gas fields, including from existing infrastructure and industrial wastewaters.
Canadian lithium projects, 2021
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This map shows the location, status and stage of Canadian lithium projects.
Quebec
- The North American Lithium project is active at the advanced project phase.
- The Whabouchi project is active at the advanced stage.
- The Authier projection is active at the avant-garde phase
- The James Bay projection is active at the advanced stage.
- The Rose project is active at the advanced stage.
- The Moblan project is agile at the exploration stage.
- The Sirmac project is agile at the exploration stage.
Ontario
- The Pakeagama Lake project is active at the advanced stage.
- The Separation Rapids project is active at the avant-garde stage.
- The Georgia Lake project is active at the advanced phase.
- The Seymour Lake project is active at the exploration phase.
- The Jackpot projection is active at the exploration stage.
Manitoba
- The Thompson Brothers project is active at the advanced stage.
- The Mayville project is active at the exploration stage.
- The Lithium Two projection is agile at the exploration stage.
Saskatchewan
- The Prairie Lithium brine projection is active at the advanced stage.
Alberta
- The SBH Black Shale project is on hold at the avant-garde stage.
- The Clearwater brine project is active at the avant-garde stage.
- The Play a joke on Creek brine projection is active at the exploration phase.
- The Sturgeon Lake alkali project is active at the exploration stage.
International context
Australia is the global leader in lithium production, with 5 mines accounting for most half of total forecasted lithium production in 2020. Brine operations in Chile and Argentina and mines in Prc accounted for nigh of the remaining forecasted product in 2020.
China is the global leader in lithium processing for battery production.
| Ranking | Country | Tonnes | Percentage of the total |
|---|---|---|---|
| i | Australia | 40,000 | 48.vii% |
| 2 | Chile | 18,000 | 21.ix% |
| 3 | Mainland china | fourteen,000 | 17.0% |
| 4 | Argentine republic | 6,200 | 7.5% |
| 5 | Brazil | 1,900 | ii.3% |
| 6 | Republic of zimbabwe | i,200 | 1.5% |
| vii | Other countries | 900 | ane.1% |
| Earth total | 82,000 | 100% |
World mine production of lithium, 2011–2020 (p)
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This bar graph shows the world's annual mine product of lithium from 2011 to 2020. Afterwards surging need for lithium batteries to support the growing marketplace for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage, a surplus of supply hit the market place in 2017 and 2018, driving down prices and leading to lower production in 2019 and 2020.
World reserves
More than half of the estimated global lithium resources are located in the table salt flats of Bolivia, Chile and Argentina, much of that in Bolivia alone. Sociopolitical weather have afflicted access to Republic of bolivia's resource while Chile and Argentine republic, which are more investor-friendly, are ranked first and 3rd for proven reserves.
Commonwealth of australia ranks second in the world for proven reserves and first for production.
| Ranking | Country | Lithium content (tonnes) | Percentage of the total |
|---|---|---|---|
| ane | Chile | ix,200,000 | 43.7% |
| ii | Australia | 4,700,000 | 22.three% |
| iii | Argentina | ane,900,000 | 9.0% |
| 4 | Cathay | 1,500,000 | 7.1% |
| five | U.s.a. | 750,000 | 3.six% |
| 6 | Canada | 530,000 | 2.5% |
| 7 | Republic of zimbabwe | 220,000 | 1.0% |
| 8 | Brazil | 95,000 | 0.five% |
| 9 | Portugal | threescore,000 | 0.3% |
| Other | 2,100,000 | 10.0% | |
| World total | 21,055,000 | 100% |
Trade
Exports
- Canada exported almost no lithium carbonates in 2020 compared to 13.5 tonnes in 2019. Ii countries (People's republic of china and France) accounted for 91% of Canada's lithium exports.
- Canada exported 86 tonnes of lithium oxide and hydroxide in 2020 at a full value of $12.viii meg. This was also a refuse from the 41,000 tonnes exported in 2019 and 97,000 tonnes exported in 2018.
- The decline in both lithium carbonate exports and lithium oxide and hydroxide exports in 2020 was due to the suspension of the Whabouchi and North American Lithium mines in Quebec, post-obit the autumn of global lithium prices.
Imports
- Canada is a net importer of lithium and lithium products. Canada's lithium imports totaled $161 1000000 in 2020, upwardly from $149 million in 2019. Lithium imports consist of lithium oxide and hydroxide, lithium carbonates, and manufactured lithium batteries.
- Four countries (Chile, China, Russia, and the United states of america) accounted for 91 percent of Canada'southward lithium imports.
Prices
Lithium carbonate spot prices have been volatile over the past decade because of soaring demand and a sudden surplus of new lithium evolution that developed in response.
A surge in lithium demand for use in electronics, electric vehicles and renewable energy storage led to a spike in spot carbonate prices upwards to US$24,000 per tonne in 2017. Subsequently a surplus of new lithium projects reached commercial product in 2017 and 2018, spot prices crashed to a depression of U.s.$12,000 per tonne by the stop of 2018. The surplus was driven primarily past two new spodumene mines being considered in Australia in 2017 and five more in 2018. Prices dropped further to U.s.a.$7,300 per tonne by the end of 2019 and under United states of america$5,000 per tonne by the end of 2020.
Lithium carbonate spot prices have surged again in 2021 and continue to rise considering of supply constraints and continued demand for electrical vehicles.
Notes and sources
Totals may be different because of rounding.
All dollars are Canadian unless otherwise indicated.
Uses
- Lithium, global uses, 2020
- United states of america Geological Survey, Mineral Article Summaries 2021
Product
- Canadian lithium projects
- Natural Resources Canada, compiled from company reports
International context
- Globe mine production of lithium by country, 2020
- United States Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011–2021
- World mine production of lithium, 2011–2020
- United states Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011–2021
World reserves
- World reserves of lithium past state, 2020
- U.s.a. Geological Survey, Mineral Article Summaries 2021
Trade
- Natural Resource Canada; Statistics Canada
Prices
- U.s. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2018-2021
- Date modified:
Source: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/our-natural-resources/minerals-mining/minerals-metals-facts/lithium-facts/24009
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